A P J Abdul Kalam

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen "A. P. J." Abdul Kalam 15 October 1931 to 27 July 2015) Was the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. A career scientist turned reluctant politician, Kalam Was Born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and Studied physics and aerospace engineering. He Spent the next four Decades as a scientist and science administrator, Mainly at theDefence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Was Intimately Involved in India's civilian space program and military missile development efforts. He THUS cam to Be Known as the Missile Man of India For His work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He aussi Played a pivotal organizational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.

Kalam Was Elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the backing of Both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely Referred to as the "People's President," he returned to civilian life of His education, writing and public after-service single term. He Was a recipient of several prestigious awards, Including the Bharat Ratna, India's Highest civilian honor.

While Delivering a reading at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest is 27 July 2015, aged 83. His death Was mourned across the nation with national-level dignitaries Thousands Including Attending the funeral ceremony Held In His hometown of Rameshwaram, Where He Was buried

Early life and education

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Was born on 15 October 1931 to a Muslim family in the Tamil pilgrimage center is ofRameswaram Pamban Island, Then in the Madras Presidency and now in the State of Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabudeen Was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque; Ashiamma His Mother Was a housewife. His father owned a ferry pilgrims That tookHindu back and forth entre Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi. Kalam Was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in His Family. His ancestors HAD beens Landowners and wealthy traders, with Numerous properties and wide tracts of land. Their business HAD Involved trading groceries entre les mainland and the island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims entre les mainland and Pamban. As a result, the family Acquired the title of "Mara iyakkivar Kalam" (wooden boat steerers), qui est devenu Shortened over the years to "Marakier." With the opening of the Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, HOWEVER, the businesses failed and the family fortune and properties Were lost over time, apart from the ancestral home. By His early childhood, Kalam's family HAD Become poor; at an early age, he sold newspapers to supplement His Family's income.

In His school years, Kalam HAD average grades goal Was Described as a bright and hardworking student Who Had a strong desire to learn. He Spent His hours on studies, Especially mathematics. After Completing His education at the Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam Went there to expect Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, Then affiliated with the University of Madras, From Where he graduated in physics in 1954. He Moved to Madras in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute of Technology. While Kalam Was working was senior class project, the Dean Was dissatisfied with His Lack of progress and threatened This is to revoke His scholarship UNLESS Was the project finished Within the next three days. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, Who Said to _him_ later, "I was putting you under stress and answer asking you to meet a deadline difficulties". He narrowly missed Achieving His Dream of Becoming a fighter pilot, as he Placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight Were positions available in the IAF

Career as a scientist

After graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist. His career He started by designing a smallhovercraft, goal Remained unconvinced by His choice of a job at DRDO. Kalam Was aussi hand of the INCOSPAR committeeworking under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist. In 1969, Kalam Was Transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Where He Was the project director of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) qui Deployed successfully Rohini satellite in the near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam HAD first year we started work expandable Independently rocket project at DRDO in 1965. In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and the program expanded to include more engineers.

In 1963-64, he visited the Langley Research Center NASA Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; Ease andWallops Vol. Between the years

1970 and 1990, Kalam made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which have proven to be successful.

Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to attend the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha as representative TBRL even though he was not involved in its development. In the 1970s, Kalam has also directed two projects, Devil Project Valiant project seeking to develop ballistic missile technology from the program SLV success. Despite the disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi secret funds allocated for these aerospace projects through its discretionary powers under directorship.Kalam Kalam played a vital role to convince the Union Cabinet to conceal the true nature of the classified aerospace projects. His research and leadership in education brought him great kudos and prestige in the 1980s, prompting the government to launch an advanced missile program under his directorship. Kalam and Dr VS Arunachalam, metallurgist and scientific adviser to the defense minister, worked on the suggestion made by the defense minister then, R. Venkataraman simultaneous development on a proposal for a missile quiver instead of taking Missile provided one after the other. R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting cabinet approval for the allocation ₹ 388 crores for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) Kalam and appointed the head of the executive. Kalam played a major role in the development of many missiles under the mission, including Agni ballistic missile Intermediate-Range and Prithvi, the missile tactical surface to surface, although projects have been criticized for mismanagement and cost overruns and time.

Kalam served as chief scientific adviser to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of the Organization of research and development in defense from July 1992 to December 1999. Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period during which he played an intensive political and technological role. Kalam served as Chief Project Coordinator, with Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the test phase. Media coverage of Kalam during this period the most famous nuclear scientist.However him the country, the director of the test site, K Santhanam fact, said thermonuclear bomb was a "fishtail" and criticisied for Kalam issuing an incorrect report. Both Chidambaram and Kalam dismissed the claims.

In 1998 with the cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam has developed a coronary stent at low cost, named "Kalam-Raju stent". In 2012, the duo has designed a rugged tablet computer for health care in rural areas, what has been called the "Kalam-Raju Tablet". Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India Dr. APJ Kalam Entrusted to develop the missile system to defend Indias, namely surface to surface, surface to air, air to air etc. Dr Kalam successfully completed the Indira Mission Gandhi. Ref Book Manorma 1980, the magazine yojana 1979,

Presidency

Kalam served as the 11th President of India, KR Narayanan succeeding. He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing the 107.366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007.

The June 10, 2002, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), which was in power at the time, they would appoint Kalam expressed for the position of president, and both the Samajwadi Party and the Nationalist Congress Party supported his candidacy. After the Samajwadi Party announced its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to run for a second term, leaving the field open. Kalam said the announcement of his candidacy:

I'm really overwhelmed. Everywhere in both the Internet and in other media, I was asked for a message. I thought this message I can give to the population of the country at this stage.

On June 18, Kalam has filed his nomination paper in the Indian Parliament, accompanied by Vajpayee and his colleagues in the Cabinet.

The ballot of the presidential election began July 15, 2002 in Parliament and the state assemblies, the media claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and the victory of Kalam was inevitable; Count took place on July 18. Kalam became the 11th President of the Republic of India in an easy victory, and moved in the Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on July 25th. Kalam was the third President of India to have been honored with Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of India, before becoming President. Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Dr. Zakir Hussain (1963) were previous recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the president of India. It was also the first scientist and first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.

During his tenure as president, he was affectionately known as the president of the people, saying that the signing of the Office Billwas benefit the most difficult decision he had taken during his tenure. Kalam has been criticized for its failure to decide the fate of 20 of the 21 requests for clemency submitted to him during his tenure. Article 72 of the Constitution of India empowers the President of India to grant pardons, and suspend or commute the death sentence on death row. Kalam has acted on a single means of mercy in his five-year term as president, rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged. Perhaps the most notable means Afzal Guru was a Kashmiri terrorist who was found guilty of conspiracy in the December 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament and was sentenced to death by the Supreme Court of India 2004. Although the sentence should be carried out October 20, 2006, the outstanding action on his plea of mercy led him to death staying. He also took the controversial decision to impose the regime of President in Bihar in 2005.

In September 2003, in an interactive session PGI Chandigarh, Kalam has supported the need for uniform civil code in India, taking into account the country's population.

At the end of his term, 20 June 2007, Kalam has expressed its willingness to consider a second term provided there is certainty of his victory in the 2007 presidential election, however, two days later, decided not to contest the presidential election again, indicating that he wanted to avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from all political processes. He did not have the support of left parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, get a renewed mandate.

Nearing the end of the term of the 12th President Pratibha Patil, July 24, 2012, media reports in April said that Kalam was likely to be nominated for a second term. According to reports, social networking sites have witnessed a number of people supporting his candidacy. The BJP potentially supported his nomination, saying the party would provide support if the Trinamool Congress, Samajwadi Party and the Indian National Congress proposed him for the presidential election of 2012. A month before the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed support for Kalam. Days later, Mulayam Singh Yadav supported, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the lone defender. On 18 June 2012, Kalam refused to contest the presidential election of 2012. He said his decision not to do so:

Many, many citizens have also expressed the same wish. It only reflects their love and affection for me and the aspiration of the people. I am really touched by this support. This being their wish, I respect it. I want to thank them for the confidence they have in me.

Post-presidency

After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, Indore and the Indian Institute of Management; honorary member of the Indian Institute of Science Bangalore; Chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram; aerospace engineering professor at Anna University; and complements several other academic and research institutions across India. He taught information technology at theinternational Institute of Technology Information, Hyderabad, and technology at the Banaras Hindu University and Anna University.

In May 2012, Kalam launched a youth program in India called What can I give movement, with a central theme of overcoming corruption.

In 2011, Kalam has been criticized by civil groups on its position on nuclear power Koodankulam; he supported the creation of the nuclear plant and has been accused of not speaking with local people. The protesters were hostile to his visit as they perceived him to be a pro-nuclear scientist and were impressed by the assurances given by him regarding the safety features of the plant.

Death

On July 27, 2015, Kalam traveled to Shillong to deliver a lecture on the theme "Creating a Living Planet Earth" in Shillong management from the Indian Institute. Around 6:35 p.m. IST, just five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed. He was taken to the Bethany near hospital in critical condition; on arrival, it lacked a pulse or other signs of life. Despite being placed in the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed died of sudden cardiac arrest at 19:45 IST. His last words to his aid Srijan Pal Singh, were: "Funny Guy are you okay !?"

After his death, the body of Kalam was transported to Indian Air Force helicopter from Guwahati, Shillong, from where he was flown to New Delhi on the morning of July 28 at an air force C-130J Hercules. The flight landed at the air base at Palam this afternoon and was received by the President, Prime Minister, Chief Minister of Delhi Arvind Kejriwal, and the heads of the three services of the Indian Armed Forces, who filed crowns on the body Kalam. His body was then placed on a gun carriage draped with the Indian flag and took his Delhi residence at 10 Rajaji Marg; there, the public and many dignitaries paid tribute, including former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Congress President Sonia Gandhi and Vice President Rahul Gandhi and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav.

On the morning of July 29, the body of Kalam, wrapped in the Indian flag, was taken to Palam Air Base in Madurai and transported in a C-130J air force, arriving at Madurai Airportthat post midday. His body was received at the airport by the three service chiefs and national and state officials, including cabinet ministers Manohar Parrikar, Venkaiah Naidu, Pon Radhakrishnan and Governors of Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya and V K Rosaiah . Shanmuganathan. After a brief ceremony, the body of Kalam was transported by military helicopter from the air in the city of Mandapam, from where it was taken in an army truck in his home town of Rameswaram. Arriving at Rameswaram, his body was displayed in an open area in front of the local bus station to allow the public to pay their last respects to 20 pm tonight.

On 30 July 2015, the former president was laid to rest at Pei Karumbu Ground Rameswaram with all the honors of the state. More than 350,000 people attended the last rites, including the Prime Minister, the Governor of Tamil Nadu and senior ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.

Reactions

India has reacted to the death of Kalam with an outpouring of grief; many tributes were paid to the former president in the country and social support.The the Government of India has declared a mourning period of seven days the state as a mark of respect. President Pranab Mukherjee, Vice President Hamid Ansari, Interior Minister Rajnath Singh and other leaders complained demise.Prime Minister Narendra Modi of the former president said "his death [Kalam] is a great loss for the . The scientific community has taken India to great heights He showed the way "Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, who had served as prime minister under Kalam said:".. Our country has lost a great human being who made phenomenal contributions to the promotion of autonomy in defense technologies. I worked closely with Dr. Kalam as prime minister and I benefited greatly from his advice as President of our country. His life and Work will be remembered for generations to come. "ISRO Chairman AS Kiran Kumar called his former colleague" a great personality and a gentleman, "while former President G. Madhavan Nair described Kalam as" a world leader "for whom" the oppressed and the poor were his priority. He always had a passion to convey what is in his mind to the young generation, "adding that his death has left a void that could be filled.

The leaders of South Asia expressed condolences and hailed the end state. The Bhutanese government ordered flags to fly the country at half-mast to mourn the death of Kalam in 1000 and lit butter lamps in tribute. Bhutanese Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay expressed deep sadness, says Kalam "was a highly admired by all persons leader, especially youth of India who referred to him as president of the people". Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina described Kalam as "a rare combination of a great statesman, leading scientist, and an inspiration for the younger generation of South Asia" and called his death an "irreparable loss to India and beyond." Head of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party Khaleda Zia said "as a nuclear scientist, he engaged in the welfare of the people." Ashraf Ghani, President of the Afghanistan, Kalam called "an inspiration for millions of people," noting that "we have much to learn from his life" Nepalese Prime Minister Sushil Koirala reiterated the scientific contributions of Kalam in India. "Nepal has lost a good friend and I have lost a great personality and honored. " The President of Pakistan, Mamnoon Hussain, and the Pakistan Prime Minister, Nawaz Sharif, have also expressed their grief and condolences on his passing. The President of Sri Lanka, Maithripala Sirisena, also expressed his condolences. "Dr Kalam was a man of conviction and indomitable spirit, and I saw him as a man of exceptional state of the world. His death is an irreparable loss not only in India but worldwide." Maldives President Abdulla Yameen and Vice President Ahmed Adheeb lamented the death of Kalam with Yameen naming it as a close friend of the Maldives continue to be an inspiration for generations of Indians and South Asians. The former president Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, who made an official visit to India during the presidency of Kalam, called his death a great loss for all humanity. The commander of the armed forces of Myanmar, General Min Aung Hlaing lawyer, expressed condolences on behalf of the Government of Myanmar. The Dalai Lama expressed his sorrow and offered his condolences and prayers, asking the death of Kalam "irreparable loss".

Kathleen Wynne, Premier of Ontario, which Kalam had visited on numerous occasions, expressed "deepest condolences ... as a respected scientist, he played a crucial role in the development of the Indian space program. As a committed educator, he inspired millions of young people to achieve their best. And as a dedicated leader, he won the support both at home and abroad, becoming known as "the president of the people '. I join our Indo-Canadian families, friends and neighbors to mourn the death of this respected leader. "US President Barack Obama extended" deepest condolences to the people of India on the death of former Indian President APJ Abdul Kalam ", and stressed his achievements as a scientist and as a statesman, especially its role in strengthening US-India relations and strengthen space cooperation between the two nations. "Appropriately named" president of the people ', humility and dedication of Dr. Kalam public service have served as inspiration for millions of Indians and admirers around the world. " Russian President Vladimir Putin expressed his condolences and expressed sympathy and support "for the near and dear deceased leader, the government and people of India." He remarked on the circulation of Kalam "personal contribution to the social, economic, scientific, technical and India and to ensure its national security," adding that Dr Kalam would be remembered as a "consistent exponent of close and friendly relations between our nations, which did much to cement the Russian-Indian mutually beneficial cooperation. "Other leaders, including former international Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak, Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong , President of the UAE Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan and Vice President and Prime Minister of UAE and Ruler of Dubai tribute Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, also paid to Kalam. In a special gesture, Secretary General of United Nations Ban Ki-moon visited the Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations and signed a condolence book. "The outpouring of grief in the world is a testimony of respect and the inspiration, he collected during and after his presidency. The UN joined the people of India in sending our deepest condolences for this great statesman. May he rest in peace and eternity "Ban wrote in his message.india has reacted

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d 1,997.) Followed by three older brothers :. Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (B 1916. Age 99), Mustafa Kamal (D 1999) and Mohammed Kasim (d. 1995). He was very close to his older siblings and extended family throughout his life, and would regularly send small amounts of money to his old relations, remaining himself a long bachelor life. Kalam was noted for his integrity and his simple lifestyle. He never owned a television, and was in the habit of getting up at 6:30 or 7:00, and sleep two hours by his few personal possessions including his books, his veena, some clothing, a CD player and a portable computer; at his death, he left a will, his property and went to his older brother, who survived him. In the film I Am Kalam 2,011 Hindi, Kalam is portrayed as a positive influence on a poor but bright boy named Chhotu Rajasthan, which renames Kalam in honor of his idol.

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very important to Kalam throughout his life. In fact, he made his own spiritual journey of the subject of his latest book,

Islam

A Muslim namaz proud and daily practice and fasting during Ramadan were integral to the life of Kalam. His father, the imam of a mosque in his home town of Rameswaram, had instilled strict Islamic customs in these children. His father had also impressed on the young Kalam the value of respect and interreligious dialogue. As Kalam recalled: "Every night my father Jainulabdeen AP, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, head of the priest Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple and a church priest used to sit down with hot tea and discuss issues the island. " This early exposure Kalam convinced that the answers to the innumerable India lay in "dialogue and cooperation" between religious leaders, social and political of the country. In addition, since Kalam said that "respect for other religions" was one of the cornerstones of Islam, he liked to say: "For the great men, religion is a way of making friends, the little people make religion a fighting tool."

Syncretism

A component of the widespread popularity of Kalam between the various groups in India and sustainable aspect of his legacy is the syncretism he embodied assessing various elements of the many spiritual and cultural traditions of India. In addition to his faith in the Koran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well versed in Hindu traditions; he learned Sanskrit, read the Bhagavad Gita and he was vegetarian. Kalam also appreciated the Tamil writing poetry, playing the veena (a South Indian instrument strings), and listening to Carnatic music devotion every day. In 2002, in one of his first speeches in Parliament after becoming President, he reiterated his desire for a united India, stating that "[d] uring the past year, I met a number of spiritual leaders of all religions ... [and] I would strive to work to achieve unity of minds among the differing traditions of our country. "Describing Kalam as a unifier of different traditions, the Congress leader said Mr. Shashi Tharoor, "Kalam was a complete Indian, an embodiment of the eclecticism of the heritage of India's diversity." LK Advani BJP Chief agreed that Kalam was "the best example of the idea of India, the that embodies the best of all the cultural and spiritual traditions that signify the unity of India in the immense diversity. This was most striking in the last book he wrote, entitled prescient.

Pramukh Swami as Guru

The desire to Kalam to meet with spiritual leaders to help create a more prosperous India, more spiritual, and this departure was unified led him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu Swaminarayan Sampradaya guru theBAPS that Kalam would come to consider his master ultimate and spiritual guru. The first of eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a period of fourteen took place June 30, 2001 in New Delhi during which Kalam described being immediately attracted by the simplicity of Pramukh Swami and spiritual purity. Kalam said he was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their many interactions. One such incident occurred the day after the terrorist attack on Akshardham 'BAPS, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed, and holy water on the sites of all the deceased, including terrorist, demonstrating the view that all human life is sacred. Kalam recalled being moved by the serenity and compassion of Pramukh Swami, citing the incident as one of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My spiritual experiences with Pramukh Swamiji. Summarizing the effect Pramukh Swami was on him, Kalam said that "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed me. It is the ultimate stage of spiritual ascent in my life ... Pramukh Swamiji put me on a synchronous orbit God. No maneuvers are needed, I am placed in my final position in eternity. "After the death of Kalam a month after his last book was published, co-author Arun Tiwari underlined this passage as potentially prophetic and premonitory Kalam's death.

Writings

In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated an action plan to develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and a developed nationby 2020. He considered his work on

nuclear weapons program in India as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.

I have identified five areas where India has a core competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and food; (2) education and health; (3) information and communications technology; , The surface transport (4) infrastructure, reliable power and quality and infrastructure for all parts of the country; and (5) self-reliance in critical technologies. These five areas are closely related and so advanced in a coordinated way, will lead to food, economic and national security.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life when he asked Pramukh Swami guru BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India could achieve this vision by five components of development. The answer to add a sixth Pramukh Swami Development Zone faith in God and spirituality to overcome the current climate of crime and corruption, has become the spiritual vision for the next 15 years of Kalam of life, he describes in his latest book, Transcendence: My spiritual experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month before his death.

It was reported that there was a considerable demand in South Korea for translated versions of books written by him.

Kalam took an active interest in other developments in the field of science and technology, including a research program to develop biomedical implants. He also supported the open source and proprietary software technology, predicting that the use of free software on a large scale would bring the benefits of information technology to more people.

Kalam has set a target to interact with 100,000 students during the two years after the resignation of its scientific advisor position in 1999. He explained, "I feel comfortable in the company of young people, particularly students secondary. Now I intend to share with them the experiences, helping to ignite their imagination and to prepare them to work for an India in which developed the roadmap is already available. "

Awards and honours

Kalam has received honorary doctorates from 40 universities. The Government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his work with ISRO and DRDO and the its role as a scientific adviser to the government. In 1997, Kalam received the highest civilian honor of India, Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to scientific research and modernization of defense technology to India. In 2013, he was the recipient of the Von Braun price of the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the management and leadership of a project in space."

After his death, Kalam has received numerous tributes. The state government of Tamil Nadu has announced that his birthday, October 15, would be observed across the state as "Renaissance Day of youth" the government of the State also established the "Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Award," constituting 8 gram gold medal, certificate and ₹ 500,000 (US $ 7,500). The award will be presented annually at the Independence Day, in 2015, for state residents with achievements in the promotion of scientific growth, social studies or well-being of students.

Several educational and scientific institutions and other places have been renamed or named in honor of Kalam after his death:

Educational and scientific institutions

An agricultural college in Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by the state government of Bihar, the day of the funeral of Kalam. The state government also announced it would name a city of science proposed after Kalam.

Uttar Pradesh Technical University (uptu) was renamed "APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University" by the State Government of Uttar Pradesh.

A new research institute for research on digestive diseases in Travancore.

A new university complex at the Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala.

A new science center and planetarium in Lawspet, Pondicherry.

Islands

Wheeler Island, a national missile test site in Orissa, was renamed Abdul Kalam island in September 2015.

Other awards and honours

Year of award or honour	Name of award or honour	Awarding organisation
2014	Doctor of Science	Edinburgh University,UK
2013	Von Braun Award	National Space Society
2012	Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa)	Simon Fraser University
2011	IEEE Honorary Membership	IEEE
2010	Doctor of Engineering	University of Waterloo
2009	Honorary Doctorate	Oakland University
2009	Hoover Medal	ASME Foundation, USA
2009	International von Kármán Wings Award	California Institute of Technology, USA
2008	Doctor of Engineering (Honoris Causa)	Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
2008	Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa)	Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
2007	Honorary Doctorate of Science and Technology	Carnegie Mellon University
2007	King Charles II Medal	Royal Society, UK
2007	Honorary Doctorate of Science	University of Wolverhampton, UK
2000	Ramanujan Award	Alwars Research Centre, Chennai
1998	Veer Savarkar Award	Government of India
1997	Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration	Indian National Congress
1997	Bharat Ratna	Government of India
1994	Distinguished Fellow	Institute of Directors (India)
1990	Padma Vibhushan	Government of India
1981	Padma Bhushan	Government of India